BlueRoseNote/03-UnrealEngine/流程管理与部署/路由器与NAS/OMV与Debian安装与使用笔记.md

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2023-06-29 11:55:02 +08:00
---
title: OMV与Debian安装与使用笔记
date: 2022-09-20 09:31:42
excerpt: 摘要
tags: Debian
rating: ⭐⭐
---
## 前言
推荐入门文章:
- [Debian 新手指南(持续更新)](https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/488109156)
- [锐角云 N3450折腾OMV记录](https://www.cnblogs.com/wxfy/p/15765363.html)
- omv5 基于debian 10
- omv6 基于debian 11
后台http://ipv4.blueroses.top/
| 版本 | 说明 | 示例 |
| -------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------- |
| alpine | Alpine Linux 操作系统,它是一个独立发行版本,相比较 Debian 操作系统来说 Alpine更加轻巧 https://alpinelinux.org | docker pull node:alpine3.14 |
| jessie | Debian 8更旧的稳定oldoldstable马上就淘汰了 2015 https://wiki.debian.org/DebianJessie | docker pull node:10.22.0-jessie |
| stretch | Debian 9旧的稳定oldstable现有长期支持 2017比较老目前除了 LTS 其他版本已经不再提供技术支持了,所以我们非必要情况下还是不要选择它比较好 https://wiki.debian.org/DebianStretch | docker pull node:lts-stretch |
| buster | Debian 10当前的稳定stable版 2019比较新支持比较全面受广大Debian爱好者的好评像 PHP、Python 之类的语言、应用都会使用这个版本的 Debian 搭建 Docker 基础镜像 https://wiki.debian.org/DebianBuster | docker pull node:lts-buster |
| bullseye | Debian 11即将上位的稳定stable版 2021https://wiki.debian.org/DebianBullseye docker pull node:lts-bullseye xxx-slim 一般都基于 Debian 和 glibc删除了许多非必需的软件包优化了体积 docker pull node:stretch-slim | docker pull node:buster-slim |
## 在Debian上安装OMV
### 添加秘钥
```
apt-get install --yes gnupg
wget -O "/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/openmediavault-archive-keyring.asc" https://packages.openmediavault.org/public/archive.key
apt-key add "/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/openmediavault-archive-keyring.asc"
```
### 添加软件包存储库
大陆地区使用TUNA的源
```ini
cat <<EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/openmediavault.list
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/OpenMediaVault/public usul main
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/OpenMediaVault/packages usul main
## Uncomment the following line to add software from the proposed repository.
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/OpenMediaVault/public usul-proposed main
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/OpenMediaVault/packages usul-proposed main
## This software is not part of OpenMediaVault, but is offered by third-party
## developers as a service to OpenMediaVault users.
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/OpenMediaVault/public usul partner
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/OpenMediaVault/packages usul partner
EOF
```
### 安装
```c++
export LANG=C.UTF-8
export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
export APT_LISTCHANGES_FRONTEND=none
apt-get update
apt-get --yes --auto-remove --show-upgraded \
--allow-downgrades --allow-change-held-packages \
--no-install-recommends \
--option DPkg::Options::="--force-confdef" \
--option DPkg::Options::="--force-confold" \
install openmediavault-keyring openmediavault
omv-confdbadm populate
```
### 安装脚本(非桌面环境有效)
大概率是需要没有安装过桌面的Debianhttps://github.com/OpenMediaVault-Plugin-Developers/installScript
## Debian检查软件包依赖
- 查看谁依赖了这个包:
- aptitude why libboost1.71-tools-dev
- 查看libboost-all-dev 依赖哪些包
- apt-cache depends libboost-all-dev
- 查看所有带libboost的包
- dpkg -l | grep libboost
Debian phpapi-20151012 不能安装的原因可能是因为某个包安装了更新phpapi的版本。可能是php7.4系列)
### 用apt安装时出现依赖障碍时如何解决
出现因依赖无法安装,可以尝试:
>aptitude   install   xxx-软件
```ini
install - 安装/升级软件包
remove - 卸载软件包
purge - 卸载软件包并删除其配置文件
hold - 将软件包置于保持状态
unhold - 取消对一个软件包的保持命令
markauto - 将软件包标记为自动安装
unmarkauto - 将软件包标记为手动安装
forbid-version - 禁止 aptitude 升级到某一特定版本的软件包。
update - 下载新/可升级软件包列表
safe-upgrade - 执行一次安全的升级
full-upgrade - 执行升级,可能会安装和卸载软件包
forget-new - 忘记哪些软件包是“新”的
search - 按名称 和/或 表达式搜索软件包
show - 显示一个软件包的详细信息
clean - 删除已下载的软件包文件
autoclean - 删除旧的已下载软件包文件
changelog - 查看一个软件包的变更日志
download - 下载软件包的 .deb 文件
reinstall - 下载并(可能)重新安装一个现在已经安装了的软件包
```
## Debian安装时驱动加载
参考https://wiki.debian.org/Firmware
一种简单的方法是使用直接包含所有非免费固件包的**安装程序映像** [https://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/unofficial/non-free/cd-including-firmware/](https://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/unofficial/non-free/cd-including-firmware/)。另一种方法是单独下载固件已经烧纸镜像的移动介质中U盘。可以在[https://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/unofficial/non-free/firmware/](https://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/unofficial/non-free/firmware/)中寻找对应Debian版本的固件。
- Debian软件包查找https://packages.debian.org/
- firmware-iwlwifi_20210315-3_all.debhttps://packages.debian.org/bullseye/all/firmware-iwlwifi/download
- 带有Nonfree固件的Debian镜像https://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/unofficial/non-free/cd-including-firmware/
- https://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/unofficial/non-free/cd-including-firmware/11.5.0+nonfree/amd64/iso-dvd/
### 加载驱动
将下载的驱动`*.ucode`放到`/lib/firmware`该目录需要手动新建。或者在另一个U盘 分区fat32里新建一个目录`/firmware`并放置`*.ucode`或者deb软件包或者放在根目录。
### OMV驱动版本
>**openmediavault 是否有适用于我的硬件的驱动程序?**
所有模块驱动程序均由 oldstable 8.9 版(又名 Jessie的 Debian 标准内核提供。默认情况下,此发行版附带内核 3.16。可以选择安装 backport kernel 4.9。如果 Debian Jessie 支持硬件,那么 openmediavault 也支持硬件。Jessie backport kernel 4.9 是目前 Stretch (Debian 9.3) 使用的默认内核,因此它为较新的硬件提供支持。
## 更新源
源目录:
- 官方源
```ini
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian buster main contrib non-free
# deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian buster main contrib non-free
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-updates main contrib non-free
# deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
# deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
```
- 清华
```ini
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ testing main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ testing main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ testing-updates main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ testing-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ testing-backports main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ testing-backports main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security testing-security main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security testing-security main contrib non-free
```
- 中国科技大学
```ini
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ stretch main non-free contrib
#deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ stretch main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-updates main non-free contrib
#deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-updates main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-backports main non-free contrib
#deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-backports main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ stretch/updates main non-free contrib
#deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ stretch/updates main non-free contrib
```
- 阿里云
```ini
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch main non-free contrib
#deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch-updates main non-free contrib
#deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch-backports main non-free contrib
#deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch-backports main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ stretch/updates main non-free contrib
#deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ stretch/updates main non-free contrib
```
更新操作:
```c++
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
```
`apt-get dist-upgrade `为更新发行版/分支操作。
### 替换源解决源失效问题
如果提示下面的问题,可以使用替换源的方式来解决:
>E: Some index files failed to download, they have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
>E: 仓库 “https://download.docker.com/linux/debian n/a Release” 没有 Release 文件
1. 修改`/etc/apt/sources.list`文件,在桌面系统内可以使用`gedit /etc/apt/sources.list`
2. 替换成其他的源。比如阿里云的:
```ini
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian wheezy main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian wheezy main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian wheezy-updates main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian wheezy-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security wheezy/updates main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security wheezy/updates main contrib non-free
```
3. 如果还是提示错误就需要删除 **/etc/apt/sources.list.d** 下的所有文件了。
```ini
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d
ls
rm XXXX
```
#### 其他更换源命令
```ini
mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak ?(先备份)
echo "deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ stretch main non-free contrib" >/etc/apt/sources.list
echo "deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-updates main non-free contrib " >>/etc/apt/sources.list
echo "deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-backports main non-free contrib" >>/etc/apt/sources.list
```
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## 远程登录
***第一次安装完需要手动安装ssh***
需要使用网线连接安装Wifi安装会导致进系统后无法连接Lan。
2023-10-03 16:56:53 +08:00
使用`omv-firstaid`可以进行其他设置。重新设置WorkBench就可以了。
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## 杂项
### 允许Root用户登录
默认情况下debian是不允许以root用户登录的只能以其他用户登录系统中然后su到root用户下进行操作。
1. 修改/etc/gdm3/daemon.conf文件新增下面一行AllowRoot = true。
```ini
[security]
AllowRoot = true
```
2. 修改/etc/pam.d/gdm-password注释掉下面内容
```ini
#auth required pam_succeed_if.so user != root quiet_success
```
然后重启操作系统就可以使用root用户登录操作系统了。
### 安装V2rayA客户端
https://v2raya.org/docs/prologue/installation/debian/
### Debian设置Http代理
方法一:有系统变量文件/etc/profile 里增加
>export http_proxy=[http://username:password@proxyIP:proxyPORT](http://username:password@proxyip:proxyPORT/)或者ip地址+端口号)
方法二:有用户变量文件~/.bashrc 里增加上面那句,只对指定的用户生效。
方法三:修改/etc/apt/apt.conf 文件,如果没有这个文件可以新建一个 增加一句:
>Acquire::http::Proxy  "[http://username:password@proxyIP:proxyPORT](http://username:password@proxyip:proxyPORT/)"; 或者ip地址+端口号)注意后面有一个分号。
最后输入 sudo apt-get update  测试
# OMV网页后台出错解决方法
清楚网页缓存
Try if clearing the browser cache solves it. Or try Ctrl+Shift+R when you are on the OMV web GUI